One sign that something is community knowledge is that it is stated in 5 or more sources. So, if it's known to educated people, or can be easily looked up, or appears in many sources, it is likely to be “common knowledge” and so does not need to be cited.Paraphrasing. When you write information or ideas from a source in your own words, cite the source by adding an in-text citation at the end of the paraphrased portion. Include a full in-text citation with the author name and page number (if there is one).There are certain things that do not need documentation or credit, including: Writing your own lived experiences, your own observations and insights, your own thoughts, and your own conclusions about a subject.
What are 5 things that do not need to be cited or documented : Listed below are a few items you generally don't need to cite no matter which citation style you use.
- Your own personal/anecdotal information or experiences.
- Your own arguments or opinions.
- Your own videos, photographs, and other artwork you've created.
- "Common knowledge"- This one is a little tricky to distinguish.
Do you have to cite a source if you put it in your own words
Even though you use your own words, you must still cite the original source from which you obtained the content or idea (both in-text and in your references list). If you paraphrase a source but fail to cite the original source, you are committing plagiarism.
When paraphrasing do you have to cite every sentence : The rule of thumb is to cite the very first sentence, make it clear you are still talking about the same work in your subsequent sentences (for example, "The study noted that…"), and then confirm you are still talking about the work by including another citation at the end (if this has continued for several sentences …
There are certain things that do not need documentation or credit, including:
- Writing your own lived experiences, your own observations and insights, your own thoughts, and your own conclusions about a subject.
- When you are writing up your own results obtained through lab or field experiments.
Information that always must be cited—whether web-based or print-based—includes: Quotations, opinions, and predictions, whether directly quoted or paraphrased. Statistics derived by the original author.
What goes in an in text citation
In-text citations generally contain the author's last name (surname) and page location of cited material placed within parentheses at the end of a sentence.It is useful to paraphrase when your reader needs to understand or be exposed to the argument of another author in order to understand your argument. Paraphrasing ALWAYS requires a citation. Even if you are using your own words, the idea still belongs to someone else.Be sure that you do not stray from the original source/sentence's idea or point. Ensuring that you fully understand the original is key to avoiding your own inference or editorializing. Do not summarize and use “broad-stroked” language. Paraphrase, unlike summary, is about adhering to details.
Below are examples of using in-text citation.
- Author's name in parentheses:
- Author's name part of narrative:
- Group as author:
- Multiple works: (separate each work with semi-colons)
- Direct quote: (include page number and place quotation marks around the direct quote)
Do I have to cite anecdotal evidence : Personal experiences and knowledge generally do not need to be cited in an APA references page or within the body (in-text citation) of your paper. Personal experience and knowledge is part of your voice; it is what you bring to your paper.
What are 5 things that dont need to be cited or documented : Listed below are a few items you generally don't need to cite no matter which citation style you use.
- Your own personal/anecdotal information or experiences.
- Your own arguments or opinions.
- Your own videos, photographs, and other artwork you've created.
- "Common knowledge"- This one is a little tricky to distinguish.
How do you cite in-text and end text citation
Cite the edition you read, with information about the editors of that edition in your end-text reference. Include the original publication date, without a full stop after the parentheses. In-text: (Shakespeare, 1623/1963). Your in-text citation includes the author of the book and both original and republished dates.
Simply include the name of the website in the text of your paper, and list the URL in parenthesis after the name. For instance, the the Centers for Disease Control website (https://www.cdc.gov/) provides information on vaccines.Don't paraphrase without really reading and understanding the source. This is a dealbreaker. You can't paraphrase an idea that you don't fully understand. You'll need to read carefully, and you might need to read the source several times.
What is unacceptable paraphrasing : Improper paraphrasing is a very common form of plagiarism. This occurs when one lifts a direct phrase from another work and changes just a few words – and then claims the work as wholly their own. Learning how to properly paraphrase is a very important component of good writing.